INDOOR CLIMATE
WATER PIPED SERVICES
FIRE PROTECTIONS
AUTOMATIC CONTROLS AND ENERGY MANAGEMENT
An air conditioner is a system or a machine that treats air in a defined, usually enclosed area via a refrigeration cycle in which warm air is removed and replaced with cooler air. In construction, a complete system of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning is referred to as HVAC.
There are different types of air conditioning units/systems. Each type is developed to provide air conditioning solution to specific application for different space/reason:
The most simple and popular unit to affect air conditioning is the split type air conditioner. A monolithic packaged version is also available either as a portable unit or as a window type unit. Such a units are serving single space rooms and are usually preferred for the air conditioning of houses and small offices.
A more commercial system is the VRV (variable refrigerant volume) or VRF (variable flow refrigerant) . In this case an outdoor refrigerant condensing unit is serving multiple indoor units. The VRF systems are popular for the air conditioning of luxury houses and multi space offices and even small hostels and hotels. The cooling and heating energy is conveyed to the indoor unit with the circulation of refrigerant fluid.
The hydronic central air conditioning system is a commercial solution which usually consists of one or more water chillers or Heat Pump water chillers that produce heating or cooling water which circulated by means of water pumps to terminal units such as FCUs and AHUs. In the central system there is not refrigerant gas inside the inhabited spaces but only water. The central systems are selected for large premises such as Hotels, Hospitals, Shopping Malls and Industrial facilities.
Packaged roof top is a DX unit i.e. a refrigerant to air system (RTU). A RTU, is a type of HVAC system that contains all the components needed to provide conditioned air in one package and connects directly to a ductwork system that distributes the conditioned air through the space a. The RTU is intended for the air conditioning of large spaces such as auditoriums, cinemas, conference halls, ball rooms etc.
Ventilation is the mechanical system in a building that brings in “fresh” outdoor air and removes the “contaminated” indoor air. In a workplace, ventilation is used to control exposure to airborne contaminants.
Ventilation is needed to provide oxygen for metabolism and to dilute metabolic pollutants (carbon dioxide and odour) and pollutant from the structures and furniture. When, there are combustion appliances such as gas heaters inside indoor spaces with peoples, the spaces should be ventilated to provide oxygen to combustion appliances.
Nowadays, the ventilation exhaust systems are combined with fresh air supply systems into a Heat/Energy Recovery system (ERU) so part of the cooling or heating energy contained in the exhausted air to be recovered and to be used in the pre-treatment of the fresh air supplied to the building.
A space heating system is a system that uses primary energy from hydrocarbon fuels or electricity or energy renewable sources such as wood pellets or from solar or a geothermal system to heat a room, a house, block of apartment houses, offices or hotels etc. Space heaters are powered by electricity or a burnable fuel, such as natural gas, propane, fuel oil, or wood pellets.
In the Northern Europe, the air conditioning systems for dwellings are solo heating ones as the cooling is not required. However in Southern Europe, the air conditioning systems must do both heating and cooling or to use one system for space cooling and another for space heating.
The most popular heating system is a radiant floor system and it can be affected with electrical resistance wires or with hydronic piped floors. The most environmental friendly is the one that utilizes a heat pump heater which produces heating water by pumping the energy from the surrounding air. The technology of heat pump has developed so much that heat pump can pump energy even at ambient temperatures of -15 0C with a good efficiency.
The most widely used refrigeration method is mechanical compression because of the well developed technology and availability of components.
Other type of refrigeration are:
Mechanical Air conditioning systems are using refrigeration cycles but the term refrigeration is widely used in commercial applications where rooms or warehouses are cooled below 16 0C ( coolers) or below 00C (freezers). The refrigerated rooms are used to store commodities and products that will be corrupted and spoiled in ambient temperatures.
77 Strovolos Ave., No. 502
2018 Nicosia Cyprus
